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在Mac OS X上安装Docker的详细步骤

2015-07-07 11:51:50 来源：中存储网

在Mac OS X上安装Docker的详细步骤

You can install Docker using Boot2Docker to run docker commands at your command-line. Choose this installation if you are familiar with the command-line or plan to contribute to the Docker project on GitHub.

Download Kitematic

Alternatively, you may want to tryKitematic, an application that lets you set up Docker and run containers using a graphical user interface (GUI).

Command-line Docker with Boot2Docker

Because the Docker daemon uses Linux-specific kernel features, you can’t run Docker natively in OS X. Instead, you must install the Boot2Docker application. The application includes a VirtualBox Virtual Machine (VM), Docker itself, and the Boot2Docker management tool.

The Boot2Docker management tool is a lightweight Linux virtual machine made specifically to run the Docker daemon on Mac OS X. The VirtualBox VM runs completely from RAM, is a small ~24MB download, and boots in approximately 5s.

Requirements

Your Mac must be running OS X 10.6 “Snow Leopard” or newer to run Boot2Docker.

Learn the key concepts before installing

In a Docker installation on Linux, your machine is both the localhost and the Docker host. In networking, localhost means your computer. The Docker host is the machine on which the containers run.

On a typical Linux installation, the Docker client, the Docker daemon, and any containers run directly on your localhost. This means you can address ports on a Docker container using standard localhost addressing such aslocalhost:8000 or 0.0.0.0:8376.

Linux Architecture Diagram

In an OS X installation, the docker daemon is running inside a Linux virtual machine provided by Boot2Docker.

OSX Architecture Diagram

In OS X, the Docker host address is the address of the Linux VM. When you start the boot2docker process, the VM is assigned an IP address. Underboot2docker ports on a container map to ports on the VM. To see this in practice, work through the exercises on this page.

Installation

  1. Go to the boot2docker/osx-installer release page.

  2. Download Boot2Docker by clicking Boot2Docker-x.x.x.pkg in the “Downloads” section.

  3. Install Boot2Docker by double-clicking the package.

    The installer places Boot2Docker and VirtualBox in your “Applications” folder.

The installation places the docker and boot2docker binaries in your/usr/local/bin directory.

Start the Boot2Docker Application

To run a Docker container, you first start the boot2docker VM and then issuedocker commands to create, load, and manage containers. You can launchboot2docker from your Applications folder or from the command line.

NOTE: Boot2Docker is designed as a development tool. You should not use it in production environments.

From the Applications folder

When you launch the “Boot2Docker” application from your “Applications” folder, the application:

  • opens a terminal window

  • creates a $HOME/.boot2docker directory

  • creates a VirtualBox ISO and certs

  • starts a VirtualBox VM running the docker daemon

Once the launch completes, you can run docker commands. A good way to verify your setup succeeded is to run the hello-world container.

$ docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
511136ea3c5a: Pull complete
31cbccb51277: Pull complete
e45a5af57b00: Pull complete
hello-world:latest: The image you are pulling has been verified.
Important: image verification is a tech preview feature and should not be
relied on to provide security.
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
Hello from Docker.
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
   (Assuming it was not already locally available.)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
   executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
   to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash

For more examples and ideas, visit:
http://docs.docker.com/userguide/

A more typical way to start and stop boot2docker is using the command line.

From your command line

Initialize and run boot2docker from the command line, do the following:

  1. Create a new Boot2Docker VM.

    $ boot2docker init

    This creates a new virtual machine. You only need to run this command once.

  2. Start the boot2docker VM.

    $ boot2docker start

  3. Display the environment variables for the Docker client.

    $ boot2docker shellinit
Writing /Users/mary/.boot2docker/certs/boot2docker-vm/ca.pem
Writing /Users/mary/.boot2docker/certs/boot2docker-vm/cert.pem
Writing /Users/mary/.boot2docker/certs/boot2docker-vm/key.pem
    export DOCKER_HOST=tcp://192.168.59.103:2376
    export DOCKER_CERT_PATH=/Users/mary/.boot2docker/certs/boot2docker-vm
    export DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY=1

    The specific paths and address on your machine will be different.

  4. To set the environment variables in your shell do the following:

    $ eval "$(boot2docker shellinit)"

    You can also set them manually by using the export commandsboot2docker returns.

  5. Run the hello-world container to verify your setup.

    $ docker run hello-world

Basic Boot2Docker exercises

At this point, you should have boot2docker running and the docker client environment initialized. To verify this, run the following commands:

$ boot2docker status
$ docker version

Work through this section to try some practical container tasks usingboot2docker VM.

Access container ports

  1. Start an NGINX container on the DOCKER_HOST.

    $ docker run -d -P --name web nginx

    Normally, the docker run commands starts a container, runs it, and then exits. The -d flag keeps the container running in the background after thedocker run command completes. The -P flag publishes exposed ports from the container to your local host; this lets you access them from your Mac.

  2. Display your running container with docker ps command

    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                           NAMES
5fb65ff765e9        nginx:latest        "nginx -g 'daemon of   3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes        0.0.0.0:49156->443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:49157->80/tcp   web

    At this point, you can see nginx is running as a daemon.

  3. View just the container’s ports.

    $ docker port web
443/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:49156
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:49157

    This tells you that the web container’s port 80 is mapped to port 49157on your Docker host.

  4. Enter the http://localhost:49157 address (localhost is 0.0.0.0) in your browser:

    Bad Address

    This didn’t work. The reason it doesn’t work is your DOCKER_HOST address is not the localhost address (0.0.0.0) but is instead the address of theboot2docker VM.

  5. Get the address of the boot2docker VM.

    $ boot2docker ip
192.168.59.103

  6. Enter the http://192.168.59.103:49157 address in your browser:

    Correct Addressing

    Success!

  7. To stop and then remove your running nginx container, do the following:

    $ docker stop web
$ docker rm web

Mount a volume on the container

When you start boot2docker, it automatically shares your /Users directory with the VM. You can use this share point to mount directories onto your container. The next exercise demonstrates how to do this.

  1. Change to your user $HOME directory.

    $ cd $HOME

  2. Make a new site directory.

    $ mkdir site

  3. Change into the site directory.

    $ cd site

  4. Create a new index.html file.

    $ echo "my new site" > index.html

  5. Start a new nginx container and replace the html folder with your sitedirectory.

    $ docker run -d -P -v $HOME/site:/usr/share/nginx/html --name mysite nginx

  6. Get the mysite container’s port.

    $ docker port mysite
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:49166
443/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:49165

  7. Open the site in a browser:

    My site page

  8. Try adding a page to your $HOME/site in real time.

    $ echo "This is cool" > cool.html

  9. Open the new page in the browser.

    Cool page

  10. Stop and then remove your running mysite container.

    $ docker stop mysite
$ docker rm mysite

Upgrade Boot2Docker

If you running Boot2Docker 1.4.1 or greater, you can upgrade Boot2Docker from the command line. If you are running an older version, you should use the package provided by the boot2docker repository.

From the command line

To upgrade from 1.4.1 or greater, you can do this:

  1. Open a terminal on your local machine.

  2. Stop the boot2docker application.

    $ boot2docker stop

  3. Run the upgrade command.

    $ boot2docker upgrade

Use the installer

To upgrade any version of Boot2Docker, do this:

  1. Open a terminal on your local machine.

  2. Stop the boot2docker application.

    $ boot2docker stop

  3. Go to the boot2docker/osx-installer release page.

  4. Download Boot2Docker by clicking Boot2Docker-x.x.x.pkg in the “Downloads” section.

  5. Install Boot2Docker by double-clicking the package.

    The installer places Boot2Docker in your “Applications” folder.

Uninstallation

  1. Go to the boot2docker/osx-installer release page.

  2. Download the source code by clicking Source code (zip) or Source code (tar.gz) in the “Downloads” section.

  3. Extract the source code.

  4. Open a terminal on your local machine.

  5. Change to the directory where you extracted the source code:

    $ cd <path to extracted source code>

  6. Make sure the uninstall.sh script is executable:

    $ chmod +x uninstall.sh

  7. Run the uninstall.sh script:

    $ ./uninstall.sh
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