如何在Linux系统中的dns服务器配置设置方法
1. 首先应确认你的上级域名服务器已正确指向你的DNS Server, 如我设置的
子域为net.dlut.chinastor.cn,则应在dlut.chinastor.cn的域名服务器上有到作
net.dlut.chinastor.cn子域名服务器的LINUX机器的的NS记录,以下是在
dlut.chinastor.cn域名服务器相应文件内容:
(1)BIND 4.9.x的配置文件
--------------------------/etc/named.boot----------------------
directory /etc/namedb
;
primary dlut.chinastor.cn db.dlut
primary 66.118.202.in-addr.arpa db.202.118.66
;
;
primary 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa localhost.rev
secondary net.dlut.chinastor.cn 202.118.65.1 db.net.dlut
secondary 65.118.202.in-addr.arpa 202.118.65.1 db.202.118.65
;
; load the cache data last
cache . named.root (2)Bind-8.x 配置文件 /etc/named.conf
// generated by named-bootconf.pl
options {
directory "/etc/namedb";
/*
* If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want
* to talk to, you might need to uncomment the query-source
* directive below. Previous versions of BIND always asked
* questions using port 53, but BIND 8.1 uses an unprivileged
* port by default.
*/
// query-source address * port 53;
};
// type domain source host/file backup file
zone "." {
type hint;
file "named.root";
};
zone "0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA" {
type master;
file "localhost.rev";
};
zone "66.118.202.IN-ADDR.ARPA" {
type master;
file "db.202.118.66";
};
zone "dlut.chinastor.cn" {
type master;
file "db.dlut";
};
zone "net.dlut.chinastor.cn" {
type slave;
file "db.net.dlut";
masters {
202.118.65.1;
}
};
zone "65.118.202.IN-ADDR.ARPA" {
type slave;
file "db.202.118.65";
masters {
202.118.65.1;
}
};
-------------------------/etc/namedb/db.dlut-------------------
@ IN SOA cedrus.dlut.chinastor.cn. hbwork.dlut.chinastor.cn.
99060205 10800 4800 604800 432000 )
IN NS cedrus.dlut.chinastor.cn.
IN NS gingko.dlut.chinastor.cn.
IN NS olive.dlut.chinastor.cn.
IN MX 1 gingko.dlut.chinastor.cn.
localhost IN A 127.0.0.1
cedrus IN MX 1 gingko.dlut.chinastor.cn.
IN A 202.118.66.6
linden IN A 202.118.66.88
IN MX 1 linden.dlut.chinastor.cn.
ftp IN CNAME linden.dlut.chinastor.cn.
banyan IN CNAME linden.dlut.chinastor.cn.
gingko IN MX 10 gingko.dlut.chinastor.cn.
IN A 202.118.66.8
mail IN CNAME gingko.dlut.chinastor.cn.
rose IN MX 1 rose.dlut.chinastor.cn.
IN A 202.118.66.5
IN A 202.118.69.6
bbs IN CNAME rose.dlut.chinastor.cn.
bbs1 IN A 202.118.69.6
lib 604800 IN NS ns.lib.dlut.chinastor.cn.
ns.lib 604800 IN A 202.118.68.241
net 26000 IN NS dns.net.dlut.chinastor.cn.
IN NS cedrus.dlut.chinastor.cn.
dns.net IN A 202.118.65.1
IN A 202.118.66.13
olive IN A 202.118.70.1
IN A 202.118.71.1
IN A 202.118.66.16
IN A 202.118.68.1
IN A 202.118.69.1
IN MX 1 olive.dlut.chinastor.cn.
peony IN A 202.118.66.18
www IN CNAME peony.dlut.chinastor.cn.
mirror IN CNAME peony.dlut.chinastor.cn.
可通过nslookup 确认是否已正确设定,如下:
> net.dlut.chinastor.cn
Server: cedrus.dlut.chinastor.cn
Address: 202.118.66.6
Non-authoritative answer:
net.dlut.chinastor.cn nameserver = dns.net.dlut.chinastor.cn
net.dlut.chinastor.cn nameserver = cedrus.dlut.chinastor.cn
Authoritative answers can be found from:
dns.net.dlut.chinastor.cn internet address = 202.118.65.1
dns.net.dlut.chinastor.cn internet address = 202.118.66.13
cedrus.dlut.chinastor.cn internet address = 202.118.66.6
** 如果只想作本地的DNS Server或者你与Internet没有连接,可以忽略此步。
2。编辑net.dlut.chinastor.cn DNS服务器的相应文件,
(1)Bind 4.9.x /etc/named.boot内容如下,其中以引号开始的内容为注释:
directory /etc/namedb ;指定named初始化文件目录,
;最好为一单独文件系统,如
;/var/namedb /usr/local/namedb
;cache 指向顶级域名服务器列表
cache . root.cache
;primary 表明是子域net.dlut.chinastor.cn和反向域65.118.202.IN-ADDR.ARPA
;的主域名服务器,其初始化文件分别为/etc/namedb/db.net.dlut和
;/etc/namedb/db.202.118.65
primary net.dlut.chinastor.cn db.net.dlut
primary 65.118.202.IN-ADDR.ARPA db.202.118.65
;本地回环域0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA的主域名服务器
primary 0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA localhost.rev
;子域dlut.chinastor.cn的备份域名服务器,从域名服务器202.118.66.6(primary
; server for domain dlut.chinastor.cn)和202.118.66.8(secondary server for
; domain dlut.chinastor.cn)申请相关数据,备份文件名为dlut.bak
; 如不做备份域名服务器则无须下列行
secondary dlut.chinastor.cn 202.118.66.6 202.118.66.8 dlut.bak
secondary 66.118.202.IN-ADDR.ARPA 202.118.66.6 202.118.66.8 dlut.rev.bak
(2) bind-8.x,可用其提供的namedboot-conf.pl将上面的文件内容
转换为bind8所需的named.conf, 其中namedboot-conf.pl在redhat上可以在
/usr/doc/bind*/下找到,也可从bind8的代码包中拿到,其用法如下:
$namedboot-conf.pl named.boot > named.conf
将生成的named.conf文件复制到/etc目录下即可。
3.创建文件/etc/namedb/db.net.dlut,可从bind软件包携带的示例文件进行修改
而成,文件内容如下:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
;
; Data file of hostnames in this zone.
;
@ IN SOA dns.net.dlut.chinastor.cn. hbwork.dlut.chinastor.cn. (
960072601 ; Serial
300 ; Refresh - 5 minutes
60 ; Retry - 1 minute
38400 ; Expire - 2 weeks
43200 ) ; Minimum - 12 hours
IN NS ns.net.dlut.chinastor.cn.
IN NS cedrus.dlut.chinastor.cn.
; Define localhost
;
localhost IN A 127.0.0.1
ns IN A 202.118.65.1
IN A 202.118.66.13
www IN A 202.118.65.8
-----------------------------------------------------------------
其中在SOA (Start of Authority)记录中的ns.net.dlut.chinastor.cn. 为此文件
所在主机名(切记:完整的主机名最后应以点结束),hbwork.dlut.chinastor.cn
为管理员Email地址hbwork@dlut.chinastor.cn的变通形式,因@号在此文件
中代表当前授权域名,即/etc/named.boot相应记录中指定的域名net.dlut.chinastor.cn
960072601为序列好,每更改一次此值应增加,备份域名服务器根据此值决定是否
应从主域名服务器请求新的数据;NS记录指定此域(net.dlut.chinastor.cn)的两个域名
服务器,其中net.dlut.chinastor.cn.的IP地址在下面由 A (address)记录给出,
cedrus.dlut.chinastor.cn. 的IP地址由resolver从dlut.chinastor.cn.域名服务器获得。
在其后的A记录指明了相应主机的IP地址,如主机ns有两个IP地址。请注意主机
gw的完整名称为gw.net.dlut.chinastor.cn. ,因为此名称不是以点结束,因此其主机名
将追加域名net.dlut.chinastor.cn构成完整的主机名(fully qualified domain names)
当然在此文件中还有其他记录类型,如CNAME MX 等,具体请参考named文档,以下
仅给出简单示例:
设定别名:如linux.dlut.chinastor.cn 为主机ns.net.dlut.chinastor.cn之别名,主机
gingko.dlut.chinastor.cn有别名ftp.dlut.chinastor.cn www.dlut.chinastor.cn mail.dlut.chinastor.cn
则在域dlut.chinastor.cn的域名服务器的数据文件中使用如下记录:
gingko IN A 202.118.66.8
ftp IN CNAME gingko.dlut.chinastor.cn.
www IN CNAME gingko.dlut.chinastor.cn.
mail IN CNAME gingko.dlut.chinastor.cn.
linux.dlut.chinastor.cn. IN CNAME ns.net.dlut.chinastor.cn.
设定邮件交换MX(Mail Exchange)记录,如指定user@net.dlut.chinastor.cn的邮件由主机
ns.net.dlut.chinastor.cn接收,相应备份邮件服务器为gingko.dlut.chinastor.cn,可使用如下记录
(当然相应主机的sendmail.cf应做适当调整):
@ IN SOA ns.net.dlut.chinastor.cn. hbwork.dlut.chinastor.cn. (
960072601 ; Serial
300 ; Refresh - 5 minutes
60 ; Retry - 1 minute
38400 ; Expire - 2 weeks
43200 ) ; Minimum - 12 hours
IN NS ns.net.dlut.chinastor.cn.
IN NS cedrus.dlut.chinastor.cn.
IN MX 1 ns.net.dlute.du.cn.
IN MX 10 gingko.dlut.chinastor.cn.
MX之变通形式,如在此域名服务器上指定user@net.dlut.chinastor.cn的邮件由
ns.net.dlut.chinastor.cn. 接收,也可使用如下形式之一:
(1)
net.dlut.chinastor.cn. IN A 202.118.65.1
(2)
net.dlut.edcu.cn. IN CNAME gw.net.dlut.chinastor.cn.
但不建议使用上面两种方式。
4. 建立文件/etc/namedb/db.202.118.65,本文件为进行反向查询(由IP查找域名)初始化
文件,文件内容列表如下:
;
; Data file for reverse address to hostname.
;
@ IN SOA ns.net.dlut.chinastor.cn. hbwork.dlut.chinastor.cn. (
960072601 ; Serial
300 ; Refresh - 5 minutes
60 ; Retry - 1 minute
1209600 ; Expire - 2 weeks
43200 ) ; Minimum - 12 hours
IN NS ns.net.dlut.chinastor.cn.
IN NS cedrus.dlut.chinastor.cn.
1.65.118.202.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR ns.net.dlut.chinastor.cn.
5.建立文件/etc/namedb/localhost.rev,内容如下:
;
; BIND data file for local loopback interface.
;
@ IN SOA ns.net.dlut.chinastor.cn. hbwork.dlut.chinastor.cn. (
96072601 ; Serial
3600 ; Refresh
300 ; Retry
3600000 ; Expire
3600 ) ; Minimum
IN NS ns.net.dlut.chinastor.cn.
1 IN PTR localhost.
更改ns.net.dlut.chinastor.cn.为你的主机名,hbwork.dlut.chinastor.cn.为你的
Email 地址。
6.创建文件/etc/namedb/root.cache,列出顶级域名服务器,内容如下:
. 99999999 NS I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 99999999 NS F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 99999999 NS G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 99999999 NS A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 99999999 NS H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 99999999 NS B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 99999999 NS C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 99999999 NS D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 99999999 NS E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
;; ADDITIONAL RECORDS:
I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 99999999 A 192.36.148.17
F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 99999999 A 192.5.5.241
G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 99999999 A 192.112.36.4
A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 99999999 A 198.41.0.4
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 99999999 A 128.63.2.53
B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 99999999 A 128.9.0.107
C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 99999999 A 192.33.4.12
D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 99999999 A 128.8.10.90
E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 99999999 A 192.203.230.10
此文件不做任何改动既可使用,当然也可用实用程序dig取得最新顶级
域名服务器列表,方法如下:
dig @ns.internic.net . ns
7.
(1) Slackware 3.x
修改系统启动文件 /etc/rc.d/rc.inet2,去掉named部分的注释
(2) Redhat 5.x/6.x
看一下系统中是否有如下文件:
/etc/rc.d/init.d/named以及/etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S*named
如果没有建立文件/etc/rc.d/init.d/named, 文件内容如下:
#!/bin/sh
#
# named This shell script takes care of starting and stopping
# named (BIND DNS server).
#
# chkconfig: 345 55 45
# description: named (BIND) is a Domain Name Server (DNS)
# that is used to resolve host names to IP addresses.
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0
[ -f /usr/sbin/named ] || exit 0
[ -f /etc/named.conf ] || exit 0
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
# Start daemons.
echo -n "Starting named: "
daemon named
echo
touch /var/lock/subsys/named
;;
stop)
# Stop daemons.
echo -n "Shutting down named: "
killproc named
echo "done"
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/named
;;
status)
status named
exit $?
;;
restart)
/usr/sbin/ndc restart
exit $?
;;
*)
echo "Usage: named {start|stop|status|restart}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
#End of /etc/rc.d/init.d/named
在/etc/rc.d/rc3.d/下建立相应的连接(确认没有文件S*named?)
#cd /etc/rc.d/rc3.d
#ln -s ../init.d/named S98named
(3)Debian 2.x
如果你用的是Debian 2.x, 我想你肯定能修改相关的系统启动文件:)
8.确认文件/etc/host.conf文件host行内容如下:
order hosts,bind
9.创建或编辑文件/etc/resolv.conf,指向新的域名服务器,内容如下:
domain net.dlut.chinastor.cn
nameserver 202.118.65.1
其中domain一行为你的域名,nameserver为你的域名服务器的IP地址。
如在运行named或系统重新启动后域名不好用,可执行/sbin/netconfig,在域名
服务器配置部分输入新的域名及域名服务器IP地址,再重新启动机器。
10. DNS Client的配置
(1) Unix 操作系统
编辑/etc/resolv.conf,参见服务器/etc/resolv.conf
(2) Windows 95
更改网络中TCP/IP的DNS设置
(3) Novell Lan Workplace
Sun PC-NFS
FTP TCP/IP
更改响应resolv.cfg 文件即可。