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Debian based Linux system(Ubuntu)包管理工具的方法

2015-12-08 15:59:41 来源:中存储网

apt-* 查看,安装,删除,更新包。

1. apt-cache search: Search Repository Using Package Name

apt-cache search ^包名$

在Repo中查找包名,以查找Apache 2为例

$ apt-cache search ^apache2$ 
apache2 - Apache HTTP Server metapackage 

2. apt-cache search: Search Repository Using Package Description
apt-cache search + 包描述, 有时不知道包的准备名字,可以通过包的描述信息查找。

$ apt-cache search "Apache HTTP Server" 
apache2 - Apache HTTP Server metapackage 
apache2-doc - Apache HTTP Server documentation 
apache2-mpm-event - Apache HTTP Server - event driven model 
apache2-mpm-prefork - Apache HTTP Server - traditional non-threaded model 
apache2-mpm-worker - Apache HTTP Server - high speed threaded model 
apache2.2-common - Apache HTTP Server common files 

3. apt-file search: Search Repository Using a Filename from the Package

apt-file search + 包中的任意文件名, 有时只知道包里的配置相关文件或可能执行文件,也可以通过这些信息查找包。

$ apt-file search apache2.conf 
apache2.2-common: /etc/apache2/apache2.conf 
apache2.2-common: /usr/share/doc/apache2.2-common/examples/apache2/apache2.conf.gz 

4. apt-cache show: Basic Information About a Package

apt-cache show + 包, 显示包的基本信息。

$ apt-cache show apache2 
Package: apache2 
Priority: optional 
Maintainer: Ubuntu Core Developers 
Original-Maintainer: Debian Apache Maintainers 
Version: 2.2.11-2ubuntu2.3 
Depends: apache2-mpm-worker (>= 2.2.11-2ubuntu2.3) 
| apache2-mpm-prefork (>= 2.2.11-2ubuntu2.3) 
| apache2-mpm-event (>= 2.2.11-2ubuntu2.3) 
Filename: pool/main/a/apache2/apache2_2.2.11-2ubuntu2.3_all.deb 
Size: 46350 
Description: Apache HTTP Server metapackage 
The Apache Software Foundation's goal is to build a secure, efficient and 
extensible HTTP server as standards-compliant open source software. 
Homepage: http://httpd.apache.org/

5. apt-cache showpkg: Detailed Information About a Package

apt-cache showdpkg + 包,显示包更加祥细的信息。

$ apt-cache showpkg apache2 
Package: apache2 
Versions: 
2.2.11-2ubuntu2.3 (/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_jaunty-updates_main_binary-i386_Packages) (/var/lib/apt/lists/security.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_jaunty-security_main_binary-i386_Packages) 
Description Language: 
File: /var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_jaunty-updates_main_binary-i386_Packages 
MD5: d24f049cd70ccfc178dd8974e4b1ed01 
Reverse Depends: 
squirrelmail,apache2 
squid3-cgi,apache2 
phpmyadmin,apache2 
ipplan,apache2 
Dependencies: 
2.2.11-2ubuntu2.3 - apache2-mpm-worker (18 2.2.11-2ubuntu2.3) apache2-mpm-prefork (18 2.2.11-2ubuntu2.3) apache2-mpm-event (2 2.2.11-2ubuntu2.3) 
2.2.11-2ubuntu2 - apache2-mpm-worker (18 2.2.11-2ubuntu2) apache2-mpm-prefork (18 2.2.11-2ubuntu2) apache2-mpm-event (2 2.2.11-2ubuntu2) 
Provides: 
2.2.11-2ubuntu2.3 - 
2.2.11-2ubuntu2 - 
Reverse Provides: 
apache2-mpm-itk 2.2.6-02-1build4.3 
apache2-mpm-worker 2.2.11-2ubuntu2.3 
apache2-mpm-prefork 2.2.11-2ubuntu2.3 
apache2-mpm-prefork 2.2.11-2ubuntu2 
apache2-mpm-event 2.2.11-2ubuntu2 

6. apt-file list: List all the Files Located Inside a Package
apt-file list + 包,显示包内所有文件。

$ apt-file list apache2 | more 
apache2: /usr/share/bug/apache2/control 
apache2: /usr/share/bug/apache2/script 
apache2: /usr/share/doc/apache2/NEWS.Debian.gz 
apache2: /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz 
apache2: /usr/share/doc/apache2/changelog.Debian.gz 
...

7.apt-cache depends: List all Dependent Packages

apt-cache depends + 包, 显示包的所有依赖。在安装包前需要检查安装包所有的依赖

$ apt-cache depends apache2 
apache2 
|Depends: apache2-mpm-worker 
|Depends: apache2-mpm-prefork 
Depends: apache2-mpm-event 

8. dpkg -l: Is the Package Already Installed?

dpkg -l ,  显示系统中所有的安装包

9. apt-get install: Install a Package

apt-get install +  包,安装包。

10. apt-get remove: Delete a Package

apt-get remove/purge , 删除包

apt-get remove will not delete the configuration files of the package

apt-get purge will delete the configuration files of the package

11. apt-get -u install: Upgrade a Specific Package

apt-get -u install + 包,更新安装包。

12. apt-get -u upgrade: Upgrade all Packages

更新所有安装包。