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Nginx rewrite 参数讲解与配置实例

2013-11-08 09:20:01 来源:itjs.cn

本文介绍下,在nginx服务器中,有关rewrite重写的参数与具体例子,感兴趣的朋友可以参考下。

本节内容:

nginx rewrite URL重写

有关Nginx location的配置规则,请参考文章:nginx location配置规则分享 。

附,结合QeePHP的例子

 

代码示例:

if (!-d $request_filename) {

rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?(.*)$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3 last;

rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1 last;

break;

多目录转成参数:

 

代码示例:

abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2

if ($host ~* (.*)/.domain/.com) {

set $sub_name $1;  

rewrite ^/sort//(/d+)//?$ /index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last;

}

目录对换:

 

代码示例:

/123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456

rewrite ^/(/d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;

 

例如下面设定nginx在用户使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目录下:

 

代码示例:

if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {

rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break;

}

目录自动加“/”:

 

代码示例:

if (-d $request_filename){

rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;

}

禁止htaccess:

 

代码示例:

location ~//.ht {

deny all;

}

禁止多个目录:

 

代码示例:

location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ {

deny all;

break;

}

禁止以/data开头的文件:

可以禁止/data/下多级目录下.log.txt等请求;

 

代码示例:

location ~ ^/data {

deny all;

}

禁止单个目录

不能禁止.log.txt能请求:

 

代码示例:

location /searchword/cron/ {

deny all;

}

禁止单个文件:

 

代码示例:

location ~ /data/sql/data.sql {

deny all;

}

 

给favicon.ico和robots.txt设置过期时间;

这里为favicon.ico为99天,robots.txt为7天并不记录404错误日志:

 

代码示例:

location ~(favicon.ico) {

  log_not_found off;

expires 99d;

break;

}

location ~(robots.txt) {

  log_not_found off;

expires 7d;

break;

}

 

设定某个文件的过期时间;这里为600秒,并不记录访问日志:

 

代码示例:

location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js {

access_log   off;

root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;

expires 600;

break;

}

 

文件反盗链并设置过期时间

这里的return 412 为自定义的http状态码,默认为403,方便找出正确的盗链的请求:

“rewrite ^/ http://leech.jbxue.com/leech.gif;”显示一张防盗链图片

“access_log off;”不记录访问日志,减轻压力

“expires 3d”所有文件3天的浏览器缓存

 

代码示例:

location ~* ^.+/.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ {

valid_referers none blocked *.jbxue.com *.c1gstudio.net localhost 208.97.167.194;

if ($invalid_referer) {

rewrite ^/ http://leech.jbxue.com/leech.gif;

return 412;

break;

}

 access_log   off;

 root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;

expires 3d;

break;

}

 

只充许固定ip访问网站,并加上密码:

 

代码示例:

root  /opt/htdocs/www;

allow   208.97.167.194;

allow   222.33.1.2;

allow   231.152.49.4;

deny    all;

auth_basic "C1G_ADMIN";

auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;

将多级目录下的文件转成一个文件,增强seo效果:

 

代码示例:

/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html

rewrite ^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;

将根目录下某个文件夹指向2级目录

如/shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/shanghai/

如果你将last改成permanent,那么浏览器地址栏显是/location/shanghai/

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

上面例子有个问题是访问/shanghai 时将不会匹配

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /area/$1/ last;

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

这样/shanghai 也可以访问了,但页面中的相对链接无法使用,

如./list_1.html真实地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html会变成/list_1.html,导至无法访问。

加上自动跳转也是不行:

 

代码示例:

(-d $request_filename)它有个条件是必需为真实目录,而我的rewrite不是的,所以没有效果

if (-d $request_filename){

rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;

}

手动跳转比较好:

 

代码示例:

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /$1job/ permanent;

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

文件和目录不存在的时候重定向:

 

代码示例:

if (!-e $request_filename) {

proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;

}

域名跳转:

 

代码示例:

server

{

listen       80;

server_name  jump.jbxue.com;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root  /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;

rewrite ^/ http://www.jbxue.com/;

access_log  off;

}

多域名转向:

 

代码示例:

server_name  www.jbxue.com www.c1gstudio.net;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root  /opt/lampp/htdocs;

if ($host ~ "c1gstudio/.net") {

rewrite ^(.*) http://www.jbxue.com$1 permanent;

}

 

三级域名跳转

 

代码示例:

if ($http_host ~* "^(.*)/.i/.c1gstudio/.com$") {

rewrite ^(.*) http://top.yingjiesheng.com$1;

break;

}

 

域名镜向

 

代码示例:

server

{

listen       80;

server_name  mirror.jbxue.com;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root  /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;

rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.jbxue.com/$1 last;

access_log  off;

}

 

某个子目录作镜向

 

代码示例:

location ^~ /zhaopinhui {

  rewrite ^.+ http://zph.jbxue.com/ last;

  break;

}

discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite

rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+)/.html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last;

rewrite ^/(space|network)/.html$ /$1.php last;

rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;

discuz 7 rewrite

rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[/w/-]+/.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;

rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;

rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page/%3D$4&page=$3 last;

rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;

rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;

rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)/.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;

给discuz某版块单独配置域名

 

代码示例:

server_name  bbs.jbxue.com news.jbxue.com;

location = / {

if ($http_host ~ news/.jbxue.com$) {

  rewrite ^.+ http://news.jbxue.com/forum-831-1.html last;

  break;

}

}

 

discuz ucenter 头像 rewrite 优化

 

代码示例:

location ^~ /ucenter {

location ~ .*/.php?$

{

  #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

  fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;

  fastcgi_index index.php;

  include fcgi.conf;    

}

location /ucenter/data/avatar {

log_not_found off;

access_log   off;

location ~ /(.*)_big/.jpg$ {

error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_big.gif;

}

location ~ /(.*)_middle/.jpg$ {

error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_middle.gif;

}

location ~ /(.*)_small/.jpg$ {

error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_small.gif;

}

expires 300;

break;

}

}

jspace rewrite

location ~ .*/.php?$

{

#fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

include fcgi.conf;     

}

location ~* ^/index.php/

{

rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break;

fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

 include fcgi.conf;

}