nginx的web缓存功能的主要是由proxy_cache、fastcgi_cache指令集和相关指令集完成，proxy_cache指令负责反向代理缓存后端服务器的静态内容，fastcgi_cache主要用来处理FastCGI动态进程缓存。
确认proxy模块安装好后，下面对nginx的配置文件进行设置，重点部分如标红字体所示。
这是nginx.conf配置文件。
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user www-data;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" "$host"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#Compression Settings
gzip on;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_min_length 1100;
gzip_buffers 16 8k;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
# Some version of IE 6 don't handle compression well on some mime-types,
# so just disable for them
gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6].(?!.*SV1)";
# Set a vary header so downstream proxies don't send cached gzipped
# content to IE6
gzip_vary on;
#end gzip
#cache begin
proxy_buffering on;
proxy_cache_valid any 10m;
proxy_cache_path /data/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=my-cache:8m max_size=1000m inactive=600m;
proxy_temp_path /data/temp;
proxy_buffer_size 4k;
proxy_buffers 100 8k;
#cache end
## Basic reverse proxy server ##
## Apache (vm02) backend for www.example.com ##
upstream apachephp {
server www.quancha.cn:8080; #Apache1
}
## Start www.quancha.cn ##
server {
listen 80;
server_name *.quancha.cn;
access_log logs/quancha.access.log main;
error_log logs/quancha.error.log;
root html;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
## send request back to apache1 ##
location / {
proxy_pass http://apachephp;
proxy_cache my-cache;
proxy_cache_valid 200;
＃使用匹配判断，如果在my-cache中已缓存了某文件，则可用proxy_pass my-cache直接支取出送给客户端；
##################################################
#if ( !-e $request_filename )
# {
# proxy_pass http://backend_server_spool;
# }注： 该项是如果client 请求的文件在cache 中保存，nginx 直接从cache中把对应的文件返还给client ，不会在去后端的Server 去取对应的文件
##################################################
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if (-d $request_filename){
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}
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#Proxy Settings
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 0;
proxy_connect_timeout 90;
proxy_send_timeout 90;
proxy_read_timeout 90;
proxy_buffer_size 4k;
proxy_buffers 4 32k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
##End Proxy Settings
}
}
## End www.quancha.cn ##
}
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配置文件中以proxy_开头的指令我们大都可以字面意思得到理解。请务必注意一点proxy_cache_path和proxy_temp_path设置的目录需要在同一分区，因为它们之间是硬链接的关系。