Nginx ("engine x")是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器，也是像apache一样的一个IMAP/POP3/SMTP代理服务器。
Nginx是由Igor Sysoev为俄罗斯访问量第二的Rambler.ru站点开发的，第一个公开版本0.1.0发布于2004年10月4日。其将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布，因它的稳定性、丰富的功能集、示例配置文件和低系统资源的消耗而闻名。
Nginx最新版是2015-12-09发布的nginx-1.9.9，下载地址 http://nginx.org/en/download.html
一般我们都需要先装pcre, zlib，前者为了重写rewrite，后者为了gzip压缩。
源码安装指南
该指南原文地址http://www.cnblogs.com/zhuhongbao/archive/2013/06/04/3118061.html
1.选定源码目录
选定目录 /usr/local/
cd /usr/local/
2.安装PCRE库
cd /usr/local/
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.21.tar.gz
tar -zxvf pcre-8.21.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.21
./configure
make
make install
3.安装zlib库
cd /usr/local/
wget http://zlib.net/zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
tar -zxvf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz cd zlib-1.2.8
./configure
make
make install
4.安装ssl
cd /usr/local/
wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.1c.tar.gz
tar -zxvf openssl-1.0.1c.tar.gz
./config
make
make install
5.安装nginx
Nginx 一般有两个版本，分别是稳定版和开发版，您可以根据您的目的来选择这两个版本的其中一个，下面是把 Nginx 安装到 /usr/local/nginx 目录下的详细步骤：
cd /usr/local/
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.8.tar.gz
tar -zxvf nginx-1.2.8.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.2.8
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
make
make install
--with-pcre=/usr/src/pcre-8.21 指的是pcre-8.21 的源码路径。
--with-zlib=/usr/src/zlib-1.2.7 指的是zlib-1.2.7 的源码路径。
6.启动
确保系统的 80 端口没被其他程序占用，
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
检查是否启动成功：
netstat -ano|grep 80 有结果输入说明启动成功
打开浏览器访问此机器的 IP，如果浏览器出现 Welcome to nginx! 则表示 Nginx 已经安装并运行成功。
7.重启
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx –s reload
8.修改配置文件
cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
vi nginx.conf
9.常用配置
#nginx运行用户和组
user www www;
#启动进程,通常设置成和cpu的数量相等
worker_processes 4;
#全局错误日志及PID文件
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
events {
#epoll是多路复用IO(I/O Multiplexing)中的一种方式,但是仅用于linux2.6以上内核,可以大大提高nginx的性能
use epoll;
#单个后台worker process进程的最大并发链接数
worker_connections 10240;
}
#设定http服务器，利用它的反向代理功能提供负载均衡支持
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
error_page 400 403 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
index index.html index.shtml
autoindex off;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
sendfile on;
# These are good default values.
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay off;
# output compression saves bandwidth
gzip off;
#gzip_static on;
#gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6].";
gzip_types text/plain text/html text/css application/x-javascript application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
#gzip_vary on;
server_name_in_redirect off;
#设定负载均衡的服务器列表
upstream portals {
server 172.16.68.134:8082 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
server 172.16.68.135:8082 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
server 172.16.68.136:8082 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
server 172.16.68.137:8082 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
}
#upstream overflow {
# server 10.248.6.34:8090 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
# server 10.248.6.45:8080 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
#}
server {
#侦听8080端口
listen 8080;
server_name 127.0.0.1;
#403、404页面重定向地址
error_page 403 = http://www.e100.cn/ebiz/other/217/403.html;
error_page 404 = http://www.e100.cn/ebiz/other/218/404.html;
proxy_connect_timeout 90;
proxy_send_timeout 180;
proxy_read_timeout 180;
proxy_buffer_size 64k;
proxy_buffers 4 128k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
client_header_buffer_size 16k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 64k;
#proxy_send_timeout 3m;
#proxy_read_timeout 3m;
#proxy_buffer_size 4k;
#proxy_buffers 4 32k;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 0;
#proxy_hide_header Set-Cookie;
# if ($host != 'www.e100.cn' ) {
# rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.e100.cn/$1 permanent;
# }
location / {
deny all;
}
location ~ ^/resource/res/img/blue/space.gif {
proxy_pass http://tecopera;
}
location = / {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /ebiz/event/517.html last;
}
location = /ebiz/event/517.html {
add_header Vary Accept-Encoding;
root /data/web/html;
expires 10m;
}
location = /check.html {
root /usr/local/nginx/html/;
access_log off;
}
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/local/nginx/html/;
expires 1m;
access_log off;
}
location = /index.html {
add_header Vary Accept-Encoding;
#定义服务器的默认网站根目录位置
root /data/web/html/ebiz;
expires 10m;
}
#定义反向代理访问名称
location ~ ^/ecps-portal/* {
# expires 10m;
#重定向集群名称
proxy_pass http://portals;
#proxy_pass http://172.16.68.134:8082;
}
location ~ ^/fetionLogin/* {
# expires 10m;
proxy_pass http://portals;
#proxy_pass http://172.16.68.134:8082;
}
#location ~ ^/business/* {
# # expires 10m;
# proxy_pass http://172.16.68.132:8088;
# #proxy_pass http://172.16.68.134:8082;
#}
location ~ ^/rsmanager/* {
expires 10m;
root /data/web/;
#proxy_pass http://rsm;
}
#定义nginx处理的页面后缀
location ~* (.*).(jpg|gif|htm|html|png|js|css)$ {
root /data/web/html/;
#页面缓存时间为10分钟
expires 10m;
}
#设定查看Nginx状态的地址
location ~* ^/NginxStatus/ {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
allow 10.1.252.126;
allow 10.248.6.49;
allow 127.0.0.1;
deny all;
}
# error_page 405 =200 @405;
# location @405
# {
# proxy_pass http://10.248.6.45:8080;
# }
access_log /data/logs/nginx/access.log combined;
error_log /data/logs/nginx/error.log;
}
server {
listen 8082;
server_name _;
location = /check.html {
root /usr/local/nginx/html/;
access_log off;
}
}
server {
listen 8088;
server_name _;
location ~ ^/* {
root /data/web/b2bhtml/;
access_log off;
}
}
server {
listen 9082;
server_name _;
# location ~ ^/resource/* {
# expires 10m;
# root /data/web/html/;
# }
location / {
root /data/web/html/sysMaintain/;
if (!-f $request_filename) {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ /sysMaintain.html last;
}
}
}
}