发现很多VPS用LNMP一键安装包都失败,又不能排错,唯有给出教程,一步一步教你安装,所谓授人于鱼不如授人于渔嘛,本文是在CentOS 5.4 操作系统下测试通过的,用的是32位系统,为什么要用32位系统?就是为了节省内存,VPS内存都不是很多的,纯32位系统比X86_X64兼用32位系统更省内存.
安装步骤:
1,升级系统和安装相关的程序库
yum -y install yum-fastestmirror
yum -y update
yum -y install patch make gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 flex bison
yum -y install libtool libtool-libs kernel-devel autoconf
yum -y install libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel
yum -y install freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel
yum -y install glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 diff*
yum -y install bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs
yum -y install e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel
yum -y install openssl openssl-devel vim-minimal
yum -y install fonts-chinese scim-chewing scim-pinyin scim-tables-chinese
2,下载相关程序源码包wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
wget http://mysql.mirror.tw/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.45.tar.gz
wget http://php-fpm.org/downloads/php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz
wget http://www.sfr-fresh.com/unix/www/php-5.2.13.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/pcre-8.01.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/nginx-0.7.65.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/phpMyAdmin-3.2.4-all-languages.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/index.php
3,开始安装,先安装PHP需要的库程序tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13.1/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../
tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
4,安装mysqltar -zxvf mysql-5.1.45.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.45
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile
make && make install
cd ../
创建MySQL数据库,用默认的配置my.cnfgroupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/var
chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/.
添加Mysql启动服务,并且设置root密码cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysql
chkconfig --level 345 mysql on
echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
echo "/usr/local/lib" >>/etc/ld.so.conf
ldconfig
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysql
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql /usr/include/mysql
service mysql start
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password root //root改为你需要的密码
service mysql restart
5,安装PHP（FastCGI模式）tar zxvf php-5.2.13.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.13 -p1
cd php-5.2.13/
./buildconf --force
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-ftp
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
6,安装PHP扩展模块tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
make
make install
cd ../
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.6/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
安装Zend Optimizer,32位系统版本tar zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz
mkdir -p /usr/local/zend/
cp ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386/data/5_2_x_comp/ZendOptimizer.so /usr/local/zend/
如果是64位系统,则tar zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gz
mkdir -p /usr/local/zend/
cp ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64/data/5_2_x_comp/ZendOptimizer.so /usr/local/zend/
配置php.inicat >>/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini<<EOF
[Zend Optimizer]
zend_optimizer.optimization_level=1
zend_extension="/usr/local/zend/ZendOptimizer.so"
EOF
7,修改php.ini文件手工修改：查找/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
再查找 output_buffering = Off
修改为output_buffering = On
自动修改:可执行以下shell命令,自动完成对php.ini文件的修改:
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"nextension = "memcache.so"nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"n#' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
8,配置eAccelerator加速PHP:创建缓存目录
mkdir -p /usr/local/eaccelerator_cache
配置php.inicat >>/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini<<EOF
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="1"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
eaccelerator.keys = "disk_only"
eaccelerator.sessions = "disk_only"
eaccelerator.content = "disk_only"
EOF
9,创建www用户和组,以及主机需要的目录,日志目录groupadd www
useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /home/www
chmod +w /home/www
mkdir -p /home/www/logs
chmod 777 /home/www/logs
chown -R www:www /home/www
10,创建php-fpm配置文件rm -f /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
输入以下内容,我设置开的进程是5个.需要更改进程数,可以修改5All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix
Pid file
/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.pid
Error log file
/home/www/logs/php-fpm.log
Log level
notice
When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
10
... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
1m
Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
5s
Set to 'no' to debug fpm
yes
Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
default
Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
/tmp/php-cgi.sock
Set listen(2) backlog
-1
Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
www
www
0666
Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
<value name="php_defines">
<value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
<value name="display_errors">0</value>
</value>
Unix user of processes
<value name="user">www</value>
Unix group of processes
<value name="group">www</value>
Process manager settings
<value name="pm">
Sets style of controling worker process count.
Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
<value name="style">static</value>
Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
Used with any pm_style.
<value name="max_children">5</value>
Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
<value name="apache_like">
Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value name="StartServers">20</value>
Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>
Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>
</value>
</value>
The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
'0s' means 'off'
<value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>
The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
'0s' means 'off'
<value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>
The log file for slow requests
<value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>
Set open file desc rlimit
<value name="rlimit_files">65535</value>
Set max core size rlimit
<value name="rlimit_core">0</value>
Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
<value name="chroot"></value>
Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
<value name="chdir"></value>
Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.
If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
<value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>
How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
For endless request processing please specify 0
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
<value name="max_requests">102400</value>
Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
<value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>
Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
<value name="environment">
<value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
<value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
<value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
<value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
<value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
<value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
<value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
<value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
</value>
</section>
</workers>
</configuration>
11,启动php-cgi进程,监听127.0.0.1的9000端口,进程数为5,用户为wwwulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start
注:/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数,包括:start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate,修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi,重新加载配置文件使用reload12,安装Nginx
tar zxvf pcre-8.01.tar.gzcd pcre-8.01/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
tar zxvf nginx-0.7.65.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.7.65/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module
make && make install
cd ../
13,创建Nginx配置文件mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx/conf/servers
rm -f /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
输入以下内容:user www www;
worker_processes 1;
error_log /home/www/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#charse gb2312;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 128k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 256k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 9;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
output_buffers 4 32k;
postpone_output 1460;
#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
server
{
listen 80;
server_name www.7dot.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
include location.conf;
root /home/www;
}
include servers/*;
}
14,在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目录中创建location.conf文件：vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/location.conf
输入内容:location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$
{
fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
#fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 30d;
}
location ~ .*.(js|css)?$
{
expires 12h;
}
多站点管理,可以在/usr/local/nginx/conf/servers目录添加配置文件,格式为:vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/servers/7dot.conf
内容:server
{
listen 80;
server_name 7dot.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /home/www/7dot;
}
请注意,我是没有开启Nginx日志记录功能的.启动Nginx:
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
放个探针看看mv index.php /home/www/
访问你的IP看看吧!15,安装phpMyAdmin,管理Mysql数据库
tar zxvf phpMyAdmin-3.2.4-all-languages.tar.gz
mv phpMyAdmin-3.2.4-all-languages /home/www/phpmyadmin
16,配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHPecho "ulimit -SHn 65535" >>/etc/rc.local
echo "/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start" >>/etc/rc.local
echo "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" >>/etc/rc.local
17,优化Linux内核参数(我只在Xen VPS用过,Openvz VPS失败,慎用)vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在最后加入# Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
使配置立即生效：/sbin/sysctl -p
18,需要安装ftp的,可以简单安装vsftpd应用:yum -y install vsftpd
/etc/init.d/vsftpd start
chkconfig --level 345 vsftpd on
19,请务必更改www用户密码:passwd www
全文完!